Internal-combustion engine



iw. AlfsHoRE: INTERNAL couaus-TIQN ENGINE.

Jan; 14, 1930. Rei-11,565

origine.; FiledFeb. 9. 1924 S'Shetssht' 1 W., E. HORE Jan- 14, 1930- INTERNALJ GQMBUsT-ION ENGINE Re' 17,565

5 Sheets-Sheet,2

Original Filed Teb. 9. 1924 w. E. SHORE Jan. 14, l930.` Re. 17,565

INTERNAL COMBLJSTION4 ENGINE Y original Filed Feb. 9, 1924 Y 3 Sheets-'sheet 5 l j STATES A.lna'ralar OFFICE i WILLIAM EsHonE, 0F cAsrLEToN CoRNERs, STATEN ISLAND, NEW Yom:`

the high .temperature Re., V17,565-

* INTERNALTCOMBUSTION ENGINE 'original No'. 1,633,909, aatedgune as, 1921, serial No. s91,`s1o,'n1edrebrluarys, 191.14.` applicatiomfor v reissue led lay 3, 1929. Serial No. 360,287.

In the operation of internalI combustion engines,'it is highly desirable to utilize the 'heavier oils and in av manner vdifferent from that accomplished in the type operated by of compression; such as theDiesel'type. A

The'principal object of this invention is to devise-means forl preparing heavy oils for combustion with a limited compressionv 10 and so that the'engine may be controlled in a similar manner to the present known controls where light fuels are used, thereby effecting a very material reduction in the cost of 'operation of such engines.

A further and important 4object is to accomplish the unification of internal combus tion engines for various uses. r- The principal .-feature of the invention con sists in the novel use of a vapor ex anding gg mechanism to ,expand the heavy oi in thev lhaust presence ofv an expansible in edium in conjlunction with means for utilizing the exhaust eat from the engine cylinders to further expand and gasify themixture to produce a combustible vapor which may be further aerated and may be throttle controlled.

y The accompanying drawings illustrate (diagrammatically the application of the presfent invention an engine cylinder and the course of the ex:

gases therefrom together with the expanding mediums; A

ft-1 Fig. 2 is a sectional diagram similar to i tions to the vaporizer and the connections Y to thev intake of the engine;

Fig. 3 is a sectional detail of the vaporizer illustrating the manner of by-passing or internally circulating the oil carrying expansible medium;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional detail of the oil mixing valve; and

of ft adjusting. members of the mixing valve. 1`

Referring to the accompanying diagrams, 1 represents a type of rotary vaporizer inV which the rotor 2 eccentrically arranged in the cylindrical casing, expands the medium 5 of the rotary vaporizer.

Fig. 1 being a sectional diagram showing4 ig. 1, but illustrating the oil feed connec Fig. 5 is an elevational part sectional 'View' entering theinlet chambeia and discharges through the outlet 4. This va orizer is ro'. vided with a hollow jacket t rough wiiich a heating' medium is circulated from the inlet 6 at the'top to the outlet 7 at the bottom.

hollow casing 8 abuts the face of theV communicatin with .a coneshaped cap 12 toi which the ex 'aust pipe 13 ofthe engineisV connected.

- The exhaust vgases ente'rin the cap .12 strike directly against the outer ace o f the chamber 10', thus imparting the heat of the exhaust gases directly to the wallof-said chamber and saidl gases, passing around said chamber completely', surround the converginor channel 9 and flow through the inlet 6 oi? the jacket The vapori'zed fuel being discharged from the-rotary vaporiz'er through the channel 9 impinges directlyfupon the .hottest portion f expanded. 4

A tube-14 leads'from the upper end of the chamber 10 a-nd is connected toa spiral of the chamber. 10, and itis thus further A coil 15, which is'arranged within a cylinder 16 and the lower vend, of the coil 15 is connected with a-smaller coil 17 arranged axially of, the coil and encircling a heater pipe 18.

A cylindrical casing 19 extends downwardly from the top of the cylinder 16, and divides the interior of the cylinder 16 into two compartments, connecting only at the vlower end.

\ The heater` ip e 1-8 connects with a-pipe 20 leading to t 1e outlet 7 from the jacket of the rotary vaporizer and also is connected to a pipeiQl .which connects directly VWith the exhaustpipe`l3 of the engine.

The upper end of the pipe 18 opens'into the inner casing 19 atthe'top and the eX- haust gases travel downwardly in the interior of the casing 19 around the heater coil 17 and flow outwardly at the bottom..` These gases arranged either side ofthe The vaporized oil and gases taken from the chamber by the tube 14'are subjected to very intense heat and are carried from the top of the coil 17 through'a iper23 leading to the intake manifold 24 of t eengine.

- exhaust pipe of the-engine to allow the` use.

` heater 37. The heater is inserted into the in- A throttle 25 is arranged in the pipe 23 and an adjustable air valve 26 is provided to allow ofxtheinlet ofa suitable quantity of air to mix with the highly vaporized and heated fuel'.

VA by-pass pipe 27 is connected with ythe pipe 23 and leads to the Vinlet pi'pe 28 :leading -to the inlet chamber 3 of the rotary vaporizer.

A suitable control valve 29- is arranged in the. pipe 27 so as to shut o the by-passing of a portion 4of the `vaporized fuel back to the va orizer if desired. -v

he oil -feed pipe 30 leadingfrom a suitable source of oil supply is connected to the ipe 28 and a suitable mixing valve 31 (see igs. 2, 4 and 5)-y isarrangedin this pipe to enable the'oil fuel t'o be regulated.

4A branch pipe 32 may be connected to the haust to mix with-the air and oil being directed tothe vaporizer'.

A further branch 33 may be provided as ishown in Fig. 2 for supplying various gases,

such as hydrogen gas, natural gas or calcium carbide gas to the mixer.

A drain pipe 34- is connected with the bottom of the oil well in the rotary vaporizer 1 and to the bottom ofthe chamber 10.'

vAny condensate gathering in the-bottom of the chamber 10 is taken therefrom through the trap '35 and delivered tothe oil supply to be again circulated.

The oil supply pipe 30 is shown in Fig. 2 as' leading from a casing 36, thefeed pipe to.

which has inserted therein an immersion let tube in order to create a highvelocity of flow and prevent coking upon the surface of the heater.

A suitable gasoline carbureter 38 is providedrcon'nected with` the intake manifold 24 for the starting of the engine.

The rotary vaporizer is operated from the engine in anysuitable manner and the suc .tion of the vacuum side draws the supply of oil and the expansible material, such as airl or gas, thereto. The supply'of air or gas is regulated `by the valve 31, which is shown in detail in FigsA and 5', ashaving an inlet passage 39 connected with the oil supply, said passage leading to achamber 40.connccted with the inlet pipe 28.

lThe How of oil isregulated by rotating theflanged disc 41, the flange 42 of which into the chamber..

is perforated with a plurality of graduated holes 43.

A disc 44 is rotatably mounted upon the. valve and is provided with a plurality of graduated openings 45 lwhich lead to the chamber 40.

The branch pipe 27 also connects to the chamber 4() leading to the inlet 28.

' By this arrangement a very considerable r'anve in the adjustment of mixtures can be ma e.

4In the structure'illustrated in Fig. 2 the chamber 10' is formed with an opening 46 oppositefto the outlet 4 from the vaporizer and in this opening is placed a sheet metal casing 47l which is provided with an otset portion 48 at the top end extending inwardly This casing is partially filled withvmercury which absorbs and retains a very high temperature and presents a surface against which the atomized fuel im- `pinges as 1t is discharged through the outlct4.

The enlarged upper portion 480i the casing 47 forms an expansion chamber which is brought into Contact with the flowing gases and imparts heat thereto after the first conperature is reached, approximately 650 F.

and in order to ensure'the maximum quan- I tity of heat produced by the engine exhaust beine imparted to the vapor `in passage, a tubldar coil 49 extends upwardly from the 4expansion chamber'llS of the casinv 47 in the upper end of the chamber 10. 'lhis coil forms a condenser for the mercury' vapor which may rise from the body of mercury in the casing 47.

In the operation of this invention, the engine is first started by the use of a lighter fuel, such as gasoline'whiclr is fed through the carbureter 38 to the engine intake. The exhaust from the engine passes' into the jacket 11 and around the jacket 5 of the vaporizer i and continuos on through the coil heater -rom which it is exhausted. The-rotor of the Vaporizer 1s operated in a suitable manner from the engine and the suction of the intake draws the fuel oil from the oil supply through the mixing valve 31 and also draws in the desired quantity of expaniblle gas or air which acts as a carrier for the ue I 'The supply ofoil and air and gases can be regulated as desired by means ofvthe ad'- justments of the mixing valve and the control valyes arranged on the various feed pipes and the mixture entering the intake chamber 3 ofthe rotary vaporizer4 is expanded and theoil is broken up into fine particles in the expansion of the medium and 1t is discharged through the outlet 4 in the form of a fine vaor. The heat of the exhaust gases surroundmg the vaporized material assists in this expansion andvaporization and the vaporized oil and gases are directed through the outlet 4 into lcontact Withthe intense. heat of the chamber' 10 against which the .exhaust gasesim'pinge and which as describedv may conc stitute a mercury chamber. A greater heat fand' consequent' expansion is thus imparted to the vaporized fuel which is carried then through the coils and 17I in the'presence A-ofthe heat from the exhaust gases owing through the heater and the continued association of the oil in the finely vapor-ized state with 'the carrying gases, it is believed, probabl eilects a' chemical change inthe hydrocar ons to such an extent that `the gas taken from the final heater coil vmay be mlxed with a further quantityl of air as it is introduced into the engine.

.When the vaporization of-.the oil fuel is thus 'eifected the asoline feed is cut off and the fuel oil gas 1s directed into the engine' cylinders. The produced gasis of such a nature that it ignites readily Withvthe ordinary spark and the engine may operate indefinitel with the fuel thus provided.

It wil be readily understood that a further great latitude exists in the quality Aof the fuel y reason of the provision for the introduction of various gases, even including some of i the inert gases of combustion'of the engine in order t'oimpart sullicientj heat under certain conditions.

' V\In the commencement of theoperation ofV the engine itis usually found desirable to run the engine for afsh'ort period onthe gasoline fuel and .when this is being done the Vaporized 4fuel is circulated in a closed cycle by being by-passed through the passage 50.` This is,

particularly illustrated in Fig. showing'y the valve 5I in the by-pass 50 open..

The continuation of the operation of this closedy cycle lfor. a short time raises the temperature of the produced gas to a very line Vstate of volatility and it maythen be turned into the engine in place of the gasoline, it be: ing vaporized tola state in which it will float and mix with atmosphere without velocity to hold the fuel in suspension.

v,This system of carbureting heavy oils makes vit'possible to .operate en ines at high speed and with variable contro while'using heavy oil fuel.

This invention enables oil to be burnt in engine' cylinders under the same conditions as is gasoline. Complete combustion takes place because the exhaust is colorlessand without odor and there isv no sediment or res-4 60 idue in the operation as described.

The system of carburetion herein described consists in applying external mechanical energ Whichis given up and absorbed as interna heat energy as mechanical energy is first used toexpand the elements under vacuum and high velocity-mixing the fuel with a suitable gas such as hydrogen, natural gas,

coal gas or even -inert gas from the exhaust vof the engine or atmos here. These gaseous mediums are mixed wit the oil under an iso-n thermal expansion and discharged under an adiabatic condition, giving up the heat energy to the fuel asa complete cycle,

' The fluid vapor is discharged under a subi- I' stantially adia atic condition against, a superheating means and increases ln-cvolume and, consequently vin velocity as it passes-in contact with the superheating elements. The temperature is increased as it progresses until a chemical reaction, or absorption probably takes place between the finely divided hydrocarbons and the hydrogen orother carrying gases and when brought to this state the vapor can be mixed with atmosphere in the cylinder of the engine to givethe desired result'.

It willftherefore be understood'that an oil may be used containing themaximum quantity of B t. u. per unit as the mechanical breaking up and subsequent chemical reac- 'tion places the particles in "suspension so as to ensure its malntenance in a gaseous state. I The exhaust temperatures from an engine mayjrun to a very high oint which when transmitted to the conduit conducting the vaporized oils might have the eiect of coking the vapors and I have shown in Fig. 2 a means for governing 'the temperature condition of the .conduit leading from the vaporizer. This taining a Huid heat distributor which is preferably mercury as it does not vaporize until itreaches a very high temperature, lconsequently the casing arranged in the path of the nebulized oil'will not convey extremely'high temperatures of the engine exhaust and cokhydrocarbon in the presencev of a restricted quantity of an expansible suspension medium to -said'vaporV expanding mechanism, a discharge conduit leading from said vapor expanding mechanism and extending through said surrounding chamber, a'chamber having an *opening in one Wall connected with said discharge conduit and having the .wall opposite interposed in the path of the engine ex- 1 haust and adapted to intercept the exhaust as it passes from the engine to said surrounding "chamber, means for superheating the vapor as it passes out from said discharge receivying chamber and a conduit leading from said means is shown in the form of a casing consuperheating meansto the intake manifold of the engine.

2. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of a mechanical vaporizer, a Conduit leading from the discharge 0f the vaporizer and surrounded by a heating acket connected -Wiyth the engine exhaust, a fluid chamber arranged in the path of the dscharge from the vaporizer and in the path of the discharge from the engine exhaust'adapted to receive the heat from the exhaust and to impart said heat to the vapor discharged from the vaporizer, a condenser connected with saidfluid chamber arranged in the path of the flow of the vapor, a superheater heated by the engine lexhaust and connected with the discharge from the va porizer, a conduit leading from the superlieater to the engine intake,l means foi controlling the flow of air to the fvalve, means for conducting a gas supply to said valve, means for superheating the vaporized mixture discharge from said vaporizer, mean's for directing a portion of said superheated mixture back to the vaporizer along with a fresh supply of oil and supporting medium, and means for regulating the mixture of air With the vaporized' superhea-ted fuel flowingl to the engine.

4. The combination Vwith any internalcom-I bastion engine,l lof means for 4mechanically vaporizing an 011 fuel in a restricted quantity of supporting expansible gas insufficient to .support combustion, means for regulatin ssl the flow of oil and expansible gas to sai atomizer, means for expanding said incomplete mixture, means` for superheating said mixture'while still in its incomplete expanded state ,'means for conducting said expandedA superheated vapor to the engine, and means for mixing atmosphere with said superheated' incomplete mixture to complete the v while in its expanded form.

5. The combination with an internal combustion engine of means for mechanically pro-- ducing expansion and contraction to facili` tate vaporization of Va liquid fuelin a restricted quantity of supporting expansible gas insufficient tov support combustiomwhereby an incomplete oYerrich mixture is formed, means for regulating the relative flow of l liquid and expansible gas tothe mechanical vaporizer, means for heating said incomplete ovr-rich mixture, While still in its incom' plete state, means for conduct-ing said heated same g mixture to the engine, and means for mixing atmospheric air with said heated mixture to form a combustible mixtureof suitable fuelair ratio.

6. The combination with an internal combustion engine of a charge forming device having means for mechanically producing expansion and contraction to facilitate vaporization of a liquid fuel in a restricted quantity.

`of supporting expansible gasinsufficient to support combustion, whereby an incomplete over-rich mixture is formed, means for heating said incomplete over-rich mixture, while `1 still in its incomplete. state, means for .conducting said heated mixture to the engine, and means whereby atmospheric air is mixed with said overrich mixture to complete the same.

7. The combination With `an internal combustion engine. of rotary means for mechanically'val'iorizing a liquid fuel and a restricted quantity of supporting expansible gas insufficient to support combustion, `whereby an incomplete over-rich mixture isv formed,

means for regulating the relative flpw of liquid and expansibley gas to the mechanical vaporizei, means forlieating said' incomplete over-rich mixture, while still in its Aincomplete state, means for conducting said heated y mixture to the engine, and means for mixing 'atmospheric air with said heated mixture to form a. combustible mixture of suitable fuelair ratio. l l f i 8.- The combination with an internal com# bustion engine vof a charge forming-,device having rotary means. for meclianicallypro- -ducing expansion and contraction to facilitate vaporization' of a liquid fuel in a restricted quantity of supporting expansible es*Y ico

gas insufficient to support combustion, whereby an incomplete over-rich mixture is formed, means for heating said incomplete over-rich mixture, while still in its incomplete state, and means for conducting said heated mixture to the engine. i

9. The combination with an internal combnstionengine 'of heat jacketed rotary means for mechanically vaporizing liquid fuel and a restricted quantity of supporting expansibl gas insufficient to support combustion, Whereby an'incomplete over-rich mixture is formed, means for regulating the relative flow of liquidand expansiblegas tothe mechanical vaporizer, means for heating said-incomplete Over-rich mixture,4 while still in Lits incomplete state, means for conducting saidheated .mixture to the engine. and means 4for mixing atmospheric'air with )said heated mixture-to form a combustible mixtureof suitable' fuell A for mechanically vaporizing liquid fuel and a restricted quantityof supporting expansible gas insufficient to support combustion, whereby an incomplete over-rich mixture is formed,

+ If-1* y sultable fuel-air ratlo. 1

meansfor heating said incomplete over-rich C mixtureywhile still in its incomplete state,

lfand-means for conducting said heated mixto the engine.

11. The combination with an internal combustion engine of means for mechanically pro- \-i i ucing expansion and lcontraction to facilit'te'vaporization of a liquid fuel in areq-z'fghtricted quantity of -supporting expansible y an incomplete over-rich mixture is formed, means for regulating the relative flow of liquid and expansible gas to the mechanical `vapoiizer, means for heating the fuel before -j-laid incomplete over-rich mixture While still it enters the vaporizer, means for heating in its incomplete state, means for conducting said heated mixture to .the engine, and means for mixing atmospheric air with said heated mixture to form a combustiblel mixture of 12. The combination with an in ternal comi bustion engine of means for mechanically producing expansion and contraction to facilitate vaporization of a liquid fuel in a vrestricted quantity of supporting expansible gas,insufficient to support combustiomvvhere-` by an incomplete over-rich mixture is formed,

means for regulating the relative flow of liquid and expansible gas tothe mechanicalv vaporizer, meansforheating the fuel both at the intake and at the discharge thereof from the vaporizer, means for conducting said heated mixture tothe engine, and means for A heated mixture to thefengine, and means for mixing atmospheric air withv said heated mixture to form a 'combustible' mixture of suitable fuel-air ratio.

' 14. The combination with an internal combustion engine of means for mechanically I producing expansion and contraction to facilitate-vaporlzation of a liquid fuel in a restricted uantity of supporting expansible gas, insu cient to support combustion, whery an incomplete over-rich mixture is formed,

"means for regulating the relative flow of liquid and expansiblegas to the mechanical vaporizer,`means for heating said. incomplete over-rich mixture beforeit enters the ,vaporiz'er and while still in its incomplete state, means for conducting said heated mix- I' ture -toVv the engine, and means for mixing 'atmospheric air with said heated mixture to "as insufficient to support combustion, where-- forma combustible mixture of suitable fuelair ratio.

15. The combination with an internal com-V bustion engine of means for mechanically producing expansion and contraction to facilitate vapor-ization of a mixture of liquid fuel and a supporting expansible gas, means for heating said mixture before it enters the vaporizer, and means for conducting said heated mixture` from the vaporizer to the engine.

16. The combination with an internal combustion engine of means for mechanical producing expansion and contraction to lfacilitate vaporization of a mixture of liquid fuel anda supporting expansible gas, means for heating said mixture before it enters the vaporizer, means for further heating said mixture in the vaporizer, and means for conducting said heated mixture from the vaporizer to the engine.

1-7. The combination VWithan internal combustion engine of means for mechanicallyr producing expansion and eontractionto faciltat-e vaporization of a mixture of liquid fuel and a supporting'expansible gas, means for heating said mixture at the intake and at the discharge of the vaporizer, and means for conducting said heated mixture from the vaporizer tothe engine.

18.. The combination With an internal combustion engine of means for mechanically producing expansion and contraction to facilitate vapor-ization of a mixture of liquid fuel and a supporting expansible gas, means for heating said mixture before it enters the vaporizenmeans for conducting said heated mixturefrom the vaporizer to the engine, and means for mixing atmospheric air with said heated va porized mixture to form acombustible mixture of suitable fuel-air ratio.

`19;'The combination with an internal combustion engine lof. means for mechanically Yproducing expansion and contraction to facilitate vaporization of a. mixture of liquid fuel and a supporting expansible gas, means for heating said mixturevbefore it enters `the vaporizer, means for furtherl heating said mixture in Vthe vaporizer, and meansfor conducting said heatedmixture' from the vapor'- izer to the engine, means for mixing atmospheric air with said heated vaporized mixture'to form a combustible mixture of suitable fuel-airratio.' t

20. The combination with an internal combustion` engine .of means for mechanically produclng expansion and contraction to facilitatevaporization of a mixture of liquid fuel and a supportingexpansible gas, of means for regulating the relative flow of liquid and expansible gas to the mechanical vaporizer, means for heating said mixture at the intake and at the discharge of the -vaporizer, means for conducting said heated mixture from the vaporizer to the engine, `and means for 'mix- 1 flow of liquid and ing atmospheric air with said heated vaporized mixture to form a combustible mixture of suitable fuel-air ratio.

21. The'combination with an internal combustion engine, of vrotary means formechanically` producing expansion and contraction to facilitate vaporization of a liquid fuel in a restricted quantity'of supporting expansible asinsucient to supportcombustion,

Where yan incomplete overrichgrnixture is formed, meansflow of liquid and expansiblegas to the ro- -tary means, means for heating said incoluplete overrich complete state, means for conducting said heated' mixture to theengine, and means for mixing atmospheric air with said heated vmixturepto'form a combustible mixture of suitable fuel air ratio.

' 22. The combination with an internal coinbustion engine of rotary means for mechanically reducing expansion and contraction to faci itate vaporization of a liquid fuel in.

a restricted quantity of supporting expansible as insuilicientto support combustion, where y an incomplete overrich mixture is formed, `means expansible gas to the 'rotary means, means for conducting said mixture to the engine, and means for mixing atmospheric air with said mixture to form a combustible mixture of suitable fuel air ratio.

23. vThe combination with an internalcombustion vengine of means for mechanically reducing expansion' and contraction to `fa-4 ciltate vaporization of a liquid fuel in a or regulating the uantity of supporting expansible gas, means (il i relative flow'of liquid and expans'ible gas tothe mechanical' yaporizer, means for heating the4 mixture of oil and gas,

and means toconduct said heated mixture to a quantity producing expansion and contraction to fa cilit'ate vaporization. ofv a liquid fuel in a quantity of supporting expansible gas, means for regulating the relative flow of liqnid and expansible gast-o the mechanical vaporizer, means for heating the mixture of oil and gas, means'to conduct said heated mixture vto the engine,

being effective vto'cai1se-the movement and i velocity of the mixture.

Q26. The combination with an internal com` bustion engine, of rotary means for mechanifor regulating the relativev mixture -While still in its iii-2 Vadapted to rapidly expand and for regulating the relative said mechanical vaporizer.

call producing expansion and contraction to aciljitate v aporization of a liquid fuel iii a quantityv of supporting expansible gas, means for regulating the relative 'flow of liquid and expansible gas to the mechanical vaporizer, and means for conducting said mixture to the engine, said mechanical va- -porizer being effective to cause the'movenient and velocity of the mixture.

27.V The combination with an internal coinbustion `,engine of means for" mechanically vaporizing a liquidfuel in a yquantity of supporting expansible gas, said means being contract the mixture to facilitate the vaporizat-ion of said fuel, to applyexternal mechanical energy whereby a portion of said energy is given up by said means and absorbed by the mixture as internal heat energy, and to propel the mixture thus heated at high velocity toward the engine.

28. The combination with an internal combustion engine, of means for mechanically i vaporizing a liquid fuel in a quantity of supporting expansible gas, said means being -adapted to successively and rapidly expand portionsof said expansible gas and to apply external mechanical energy to heat the mix- -ture andfreduee the liquid fuel to a-state of division so fine as to adapt it to mix with and ioat in air.

29. The combination Lwith an internal combustion engine, of means for mechanically vaporiiiing a liquid fuel in a quantity of supporting expansible gas suiiicient to form an overrich mixture, said means being adapted to successively and rapidly expand portions of said expansible gas and to apply external mechanical energy toheat the mixture and reduce the liquid fuel to a state of division so line as to adapt it to mix with and oat in air:

30. The combination with an internal combustion chamber of a charge forming device including rotary means for mechanically vaporizing a liquid fuel in a quantity of supporting expansible gas, said means being adapted to-succcssively and rapidly expand portions of said expansible gas and to apply. and convert mechanical energy into heat and thereby heat the mixture and reduce the liq.

uid fuel, to a state of division so line as to adapt it to mix with and Heat in air, and to propel saidfniixtuie toward the engine.

` 31. The combination with an internal combustion engine of a charge forming device including rotary means for mechanically vaporizing a'liquid fuel in a quantity of suplporting expansible 4gas suiicient to form an overrich mixture, said means being adapted to apply and convert mechanical energy into heat and thereby heat the mixture and reduce the liquid fuel to a'state 'of division so fine as to'adapt it to mix with and float in air, 'and to propel said mixture toward the engine.

32. The combination with an internal combustion'engine of a charge forming device including rotary means for v mechanically vaporizing a liquid fuel in a quantity of supporting expansible gas sufficient to form an overrich mixture, said means being adapted to successively and rapidly expand portions I of said expansible gas and to apply and convert mechanical energy into heat and thereby heat the mixture and reduce the liquid fuel to a state of division so fine as to adapt itto mix with and-Hout in air, and to propel said mixture toward the engine.

In Witness whereof I hereunto allxA my signature. u WILLIAM E. SHORE 

